Photochemical generation of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical from caged nitroxides by near-infrared two-photon irradiation and its cytocidal effect on lung cancer cells

• Ayato Yamada,
• Manabu Abe,
• Yoshinobu Nishimura,
• Shoji Ishizaka,
• Masashi Namba,
• Taku Nakashima,
• Kiyofumi Shimoji and
• Noboru Hattori

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 863–873, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.84

• (N-BARD), Hiroshima University. Preparation of caged compounds 2a and 2b 6-Ethyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)benzofuran (5a). 4-Nitro-1-iodobenzene (16.3 g, 65.5 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (0.97 g, 1.3 mmol), PPh3 (recrystallized, 0.51 g, 1.9 mmol) and CuI (0.25 g, 1.3 mmol) were added under N2 atmosphere followed by

Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Mukesh E. Shirbhate and
• Gopalkrushna T. Waghule

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1274–1331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.142

Photorelease of phosphates: Mild methods for protecting phosphate derivatives

• Sanjeewa N. Senadheera,
• Abraham L. Yousef and
• Richard S. Givens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2038–2054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.212

• application in both organic chemistry and biochemistry. The reagents are generally described as “caged” compounds or photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) in which the attached chromophore masks the biological activity of a substrate. Irradiation releases the substrate, allowing it to return to its normal

A chemist and biologist talk to each other about caged neurotransmitters

• Graham C.R. Ellis-Davies

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.8

• Graham C.R. Ellis-Davies Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA 10.3762/bjoc.9.8 Abstract Caged compounds are small organic molecules that can be photoactivated with brief pulses of light. They are widely used to study a great

• between the two communities to further the creative development and application of these powerful optical probes. Keywords: caged compounds; cell signaling; electrophysiology; neuronal currents; photolabile neurotransmitters; rates of reaction; receptor antagonism; Introduction The first biologically

• rapid photoactivation of a particular enzyme, the Na,K-ATPase. It was the latter group that dubbed such photochemical probes “caged compounds”. This simple term has been adopted by biologists since that time [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], perhaps because the photolabile ATP compound was the one that was used in

Molecular switches and cages

• Dirk Trauner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 870–871, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.97

• the design and synthesis of these molecules. Caged compounds are a subclass of (photo)switches that have special functional features. As opposed to “true” switches, they can only be turned ON and the abatement of their activity depends on secondary processes (such as diffusion from the active zone or

• , more importantly, re-uptake systems). In terms of their biological application, especially in neurobiology, they are much further developed than reversibly switchable molecules. For instance, two-photon activation, which allows for very precise localization, is fairly well established with caged

• compounds but in its infancy in the case of reversible photoswitches. The present Thematic Series of the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry addresses the crucial role that chemistry, and particularly organic chemistry, can play in tuning the functional features of molecular switches and cages. These